RAM speed required (in nS) for use with "0 wait state" setting:
nS=(2000/SCLK)-10
Number of required wait states for given RAM speed:
WS=((nS+10)x(SCLK/1000))-2
|
14.3181818...
|
=
|
14 7/22
|
|
|
|
14 7/22 divided by 3
|
=
|
4 17/22
|
4.772727...
|
(early PC)
|
|
4 17/22 x 1¾
|
=
|
8 31/88
|
8.3522727...
|
(early ISA)
|
|
|
Intel CPU Speeds
|
|
P5
|
60 and 66
|
"Pentium"
|
|
P54C
|
75, 90, and 100
|
"Classic Pentium"
|
|
P54CQ5
|
120
|
|
P54CT
|
125, 150 and 166
|
|
P54C5
|
133, 150, 166 and 200
|
|
P55C
|
166, 200, and 233
|
"Pentium MMX"
|
|
P54CTB
|
125/150, 166, 180 and 200
|
|
P6
|
150, 166, 180 and 200
|
"PentiumPro"
|
|
P6T
|
300 and 333
|
|
Slot 1
|
233, 266, 300 and 333
|
"PentiumII"
|
|
MDA Monochrome Display Adapter
|
|
colors
|
2
|
|
resolution
|
text: 80x25 characters
each 9w by 14h
dots not addressable
|
|
refresh
|
50 cy.
|
|
scan freq.
|
?
|
|
4KB RAM
|
|
HGA Hercules Graphics Aadapter
|
|
colors
|
?
|
|
resolution
|
text: 80x25 characters
each 9w by 14h
graphics: 720x350
|
|
refresh
|
50 cy.
|
|
scan freq.
|
15.7KC/21.85KC
|
|
?KB RAM; MDA-compatible graphics; early 80s
|
|
CGA Color Graphics Array
|
|
colors
|
palette of ?
16 simultanious at 160x200
4 simultanious at 640x200
|
|
resolution
|
text: 80x25 characters
each 8w by 8h;
dots not addressable
graphics: 160x200 to 640x200
|
|
refresh
|
60 cy.
|
|
scan freq.
|
15.7KC/21.85KC
|
|
16KB? RAM; 1981
|
|
EGA Enhanced Graphics Array
|
|
colors
|
palette of 64
16 simultanious
|
|
resolution
|
text: 80x25 characters
graphics: 640x350
|
|
refresh
|
60 cy.
|
|
scan freq.
|
15.7KC/21.85KC
|
64KB RAM to 128KB or
256KB with memory cards;
1985
|
|
PGA Professional Graphics Array
|
|
colors
|
palette 4096
256 simultanious
|
|
resolution
|
text: ?
graphics: 640x400
|
|
refresh
|
60 cy.
|
|
scan freq.
|
?
|
|
?KB RAM; $5000 3-slot system; 1984
|
|
|
MCGA Multicolor Graphics Array
|
|
colors
|
palette of ?
|
|
resolution
|
160x200
320x200 (256 colors)
640x200
640x480 (2 colors)
|
|
refresh
|
60 cy. (?)
|
|
scan freq.
|
15.7KC/21.85KC (?)
|
analog;
?KB RAM; PS/2 models 25 & 30;
CGA-compatible system
with two additional resolutions
|
|
|
8514/A
|
|
monochrome
|
64 grays
|
|
colors
|
palette of 256K
256 simultanious
|
|
resolution
|
text: ?
graphics: 640x480
1024x768 via interlacing
|
|
refresh
|
60 cy. (640x480)
43.5 cy. (1024x768)
|
|
scan freq.
|
?
|
?KB RAM; some hardware accelleration;
non-interlaced clones available; 1987
|
|
VGA Video Graphics Array
|
|
colors
|
palette of 256K
256 simultanious at 320x200
16 simultanious at 640x480
|
|
resolution
|
text: 720x400 pixels
graphics: 320x200 to 640x480
|
|
refresh
|
60 cy./70 cy.
|
|
scan freq.
|
31.5KC
|
analog;
?KB RAM; 1987
|
|
|
XGA Extended Graphics Array
|
|
colors
|
palette of 256K
64K simultanious (640x480, 1MB)
256 simultanious (1024x768, 1MB)
|
|
resolution
|
text: ?
graphics: 640x480 or 1024x768
|
|
refresh
|
?
|
|
scan freq.
|
?
|
½MB or 1MB VRAM;
allows use of non-interlacing monitors; 1990
|
|
XGA-2 Extended Graphics Array 2
|
|
colors
|
?
|
|
resolution
|
?
|
|
refresh
|
?
|
|
scan freq.
|
?
|
?KB RAM;
more colors and higher refresh rates than XGA
|
|
|
SVGA Super Video Graphics Array
|
|
colors
|
palette of 16M
unlimited simultanious
|
|
resolution
|
text: ?
graphics: 800x600, 1024x768, 1280x1024
and 1600x1200
|
|
refresh
|
?
|
|
scan freq.
|
?
|
analog;
a hardware-independent (hardware-limited) standard;
evolving since the early 90s
|
|
What's next?
|